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Table 1 Characteristics of patients with sepsis according to ED condition

From: An observational study on the impact of overcrowding towards door-to-antibiotic time among sepsis patients presented to emergency department of a tertiary academic hospital

All patients = 170

ED overcrowded (N = 78)

ED not overcrowded (N = 92)

p-value

Gender

    

0.426a

Female, No. (%)

36

(49.3)

37

(50.7)

 

Male, No. (%)

42

(43.3)

55

(56.7)

 

Race

    

0.182a

Malay, No. (%)

26

(44.1)

33

(55.9)

 

Chinese, No. (%)

42

(48.3)

45

(51.7)

 

Indian, No. (%)

10

(52.6)

9

(47.4)

 

Others, No. (%)

0

(0)

5

(100.0)

 

Age, Median in years (IQR)

74

(80.0)

73

(78.0)

0.623b

ED triage zone

    

0.362a

Red, No. (%)

43

(50.0)

43

(50.0)

 

Yellow, No. (%)

32

(43.8)

41

(56.2)

 

Green, No. (%)

3

(27.3)

8

(72.7)

 

Clinical parameters

     

SBP, mean in mmHg (SD)

134.1

(45.2)

131.3

(38.3)

0.656c

DBP, median in mmHg (IQR)

74.0

(20–145)

72.0

(20–123)

0.919b

HR, mean in bpm (SD)

99.7

(25.9)

104.1

(22.1)

0. 231c

RR, median in x/min (IQR)

24.0

(7–50)

23.0

(15–45)

0.529b

T, median in degree Celsius, (IQR)

37.7

[36–42]

37.4

(35.8–41)

0.151b

GCS, median, (IQR)

15

[3–15]

15

[3–15]

0.588b

SpO2, median in %, (IQR)

95.0

(50–100)

96.0

(50–100)

0.376b

SOFA score, Median (IQR)

3.0

[2–14]

3.0

(0–12)

0.065b

  1. SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; RR, respiratory rate; T, temperature; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range
  2. P < 0.05 is statistically significant
  3. a Pearson chi-square tests
  4. b Mann-Whitney U test
  5. c Student T-test
  6. *Denotes statistical significance of p < 0.05