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Table 1 Summary of resource use and costs (at inclusion, at follow-up). Figures are presented either in n (%) or mean ± sd

From: Cost-effectiveness of modified diagnostic strategy to safely rule-out pulmonary embolism in the emergency department: a non-inferiority cluster crossover randomized trial (MODIGLIA-NI)

Variable

Groups

Difference

 

Intervention group

(n = 648)

Control group

(n = 623)

Adjusted for periods as fixed effects and cluster as a random effect

ΔCosts or ΔEffects (95% CI)

Unadjusted

ΔCosts or ΔEffects (95% CI)

Per-protocol population

Index Admission

1. ER visit

YEARS score = 0*

515 (75.5)

-

-

-

CTPA or V/Q lung scan done**

193 (29.8)

250 (40.1)

-

-

2. Hospitalization

Admitted from the ED

143 (22.1)

160 (25.68)

-

-

Average length of stay index (Days)

1.87 (± 5.68)

1.97 (± 5.35)

-

-

Rehospitalization: Follow-up period at 3 months

VTE at 3 months

1 (0.15)

5 (0.80)

− 0.64

[97.5% 1-sided CI, -∞ to 0.21]

− 0.65

[97.5% 1-sided CI, -∞ to 0.17]

Mean cost per patient

Emergency room

116 (± 39)

123 (± 46)

-

-7 [95% CI, -12.8; -3.2]

Index hospitalization

181 (± 351)

211 (± 374)

-

-30 [95% CI, -68; 19]

Hospitalization admission at 3 months related to VTE

0.3 (± 7)

15.2 (± 194)

-

-15 [95% CI, -37; -0.5]

Total costs

297 (± 364)

349(± 466)

-46 [95% CI, -93; 0.2]

-52 [95% CI, -102; 0.4]

  1. * YEARS score ranges from zero to three, 1 point per item: PE is the most likely diagnostic, hemoptysis, and clinical sign of deep vein thrombosis.
  2. ** One patient in the control group had CTPA and [V˙/Q˙] scan.