Table 4 The extracted subcategories, categories and theme in the qualitative phase

Surveying the experiences of EMTs in stressful environments

1) The overall impact of the stress crisis on technicians

1) Physical effects

2) Spiritual-psychological-mental effects

3) Occupational-personal-functional effects

2) Missing links in communication networks in incident management

1) Deficiencies in Inter-organizational Cooperation

2) Deficiencies in Intra-organizational Cooperation

3) Deficiencies in External Organizational

3) Professional shortcomings in pre-hospital care

1) Educational Factors

2) Organizational Factors

3) Individual Factors

4) Factors Related to Client and Disease

5) Contextual Factors

1) Moral, Cultural, and Legal Conflicts

2) Environmental Factors

4) The complex and multifaceted context of stressful pre-hospital

1) Stressors of pediatric emergencies

2) Stressors of gynecological emergencies

3) Stressors of cardiac emergencies