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Table 2 Comparison of factors of associated with OHCA clinical outcomes

From: Prehospital factors associated with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in a metropolitan city: a 4-year multicenter study

 

Prehospital ROSC

Survival to hospital discharge

Good neurological outcome

 

Yes (n = 424)

No (n = 3,095)

P

Yes (n = 297)

No (n = 3,222)

P

Yes (n = 228)

No (n = 3,291)

P

Sex

  

0.001

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

 Male

300 (13.4)

1,941 (86.6)

 

236 (10.5)

2005 (89.5)

 

188 (8.4)

2,053 (91.6)

 

 Female

124 (9.7)

1,154 (90.3)

 

61 (4.8)

1217 (95.2)

 

40 (3.1)

1,238 (96.9)

 

Age

62.0 (52.0–73.5)

75.0 (63.0–82.0)

< 0.001

58.0 (50.0–67.0)

75.0 (63.0–82.0)

< 0.001

56.0 (49.0–65.0)

75.0 (63.0–82.0)

< 0.001

Place

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

 Home

245 (9.5)

2,327 (90.5)

 

156 (6.1)

2,416 (93.9)

 

113 (4.4)

2,459 (95.6)

 

 Public

179 (18.9)

768 (81.1)

 

141 (14.9)

806 (85.1)

 

115 (12.1)

832 (87.9)

 

Witness

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

 Yes

305 (18.1)

1,383 (81.9)

 

237 (14.0)

1,451 (86.0)

 

195 (11.6)

1,493 (88.4)

 

 No

119 (6.5)

1,712 (93.5)

 

60 (3.3)

1,771 (96.7)

 

33 (1.8)

1,798 (98.2)

 

Initial ECG rhythm*

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

 Shockable

243 (42.3)

332 (57.7)

 

238 (41.4)

337 (58.6)

 

204 (35.5)

371 (64.5)

 

 PEA

85 (10.9)

694 (89.1)

 

36 (4.6)

743 (95.4)

 

19 (2.4)

760 (97.6)

 

 Asystole

92 (4.3)

2,062 (95.7)

 

21 (1.0)

2,133 (99.0)

 

3 (0.1)

2,151 (99.9)

 

Bystander CPR

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

 Yes

318 (14.6)

1,861 (85.4)

 

236 (10.8)

1,943 (89.2)

 

185 (8.5)

1,994 (91.5)

 

 No

106 (7.9)

1,234 (92.1)

 

61 (4.6)

1,279 (95.4)

 

43 (3.2)

1,297 (96.8)

 

Dual-dispatch

  

0.790

  

0.217

  

0.200

 Yes

406 (12.0)

2,976 (88.0)

 

281 (8.3)

3,101 (91.7)

 

215 (6.4)

3,167 (93.6)

 

 No

18 (13.1)

119 (86.9)

 

16 (11.7)

121 (88.3)

 

13 (9.5)

124 (90.5)

 

Prehospital defibrillation

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

 Yes

258 (33.6)

509 (66.4)

 

244 (31.8)

523 (68.2)

 

206 (26.9)

561 (73.1)

 

 No

166 (6.0)

2,586 (94.0)

 

53 (1.9)

2,699 (98.1)

 

22 (0.8)

2,730 (99.2)

 

EMS Epinephrine use

  

0.011

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

 Yes

191 (10.6)

1,603 (89.4)

 

84 (4.7)

1,710 (95.3)

 

50 (2.8)

1,744 (97.2)

 

 No

233 (13.5)

1,492 (86.5)

 

213 (12.3)

1,512 (87.7)

 

178 (10.3)

1,547 (89.7)

 

Prehospital airway management

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

 BVM

114 (47.9)

124 (52.1)

 

105 (44.1)

133 (55.9)

 

100 (42.0)

138 (58.0)

 

 SGA

159 (7.8)

1,887 (92.2)

 

115 (5.6)

1,931 (94.4)

 

75 (3.7)

1,971 (96.3)

 

 ETI

151 (12.2)

1,084 (87.8)

 

77 (6.2)

1,158 (93.8)

 

53 (4.3)

1,182 (95.7)

 

Mechanical CPR

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

 Yes

122 (4.4)

2,637 (95.6)

 

63 (2.3)

2,696 (97.7)

 

30 (1.1)

2,729 (98.9)

 

 No

302 (39.7)

458 (60.3)

 

234 (30.8)

526 (69.2)

 

198 (26.1)

562 (73.9)

 

RTI

7.5 (6.0– 9.0)

8.0 (6.0–10.0)

< 0.001

8.0(6.0–9.0)

8.0(6.0–10.0)

< 0.001

7.0 (6.0–9.0)

8.0 (6.0–10.0)

< 0.001

STI

15.0 (12.0–19.0)

17.0 (14.0–20.0)

< 0.001

14.0(11.0–18.0)

17.0(14.0–20.0)

< 0.001

14.0 (10.0–18.0)

17.0 (14.0–20.0)

< 0.001

TTI

7.0 (5.0–11.0)

7.0 (4.0–10.0)

0.009

7.0(4.0–11.0)

7.0(4.0–10.0)

0.358

7.0 (4.0–11.0)

7.0 (4.0–10.0)

0.253

  1. *The missing data were 11(0.3%). Values are presented as frequency (%) or median (interquartile range). Abbreviations: ROSC, recovery of spontaneous circulation; ECG, electrocardiography; PEA, pulseless electrical activity; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; EMS, emergency medical service; BVM, bag valve mask; SGA, supraglottic airway; ETI, endotracheal intubation; RTI, response time interval; STI, scene time interval; TTI, transport time interval
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