Prehospital factors associated with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in a metropolitan city: a 4-year multicenter study

Table 1 Demographics and baseline characteristics of study population

	Study population (n = 3,519)
Year
2018	883 (25.1)
2019	847 (24.1)
2020	910 (25.9)
2021	879 (25.0)
Sex, male	2,241 (63.7)
Age	74.0 (61.0–81.0)
Place
Home	2,572 (73.1)
Public	947 (26.9)
Witness, yes	1,688 (48.0)
Initial ECG rhythm
Shockable	575 (16.3)
PEA	779 (22.1)
Asystole	2,154 (61.2)
Unknown	11 (0.3)
Bystander CPR, yes	2,179 (61.9)
Dual-dispatch, yes	3,382 (96.1)
Prehospital defibrillation, yes	767 (21.8)
EMS epinephrine use, yes	1,794 (51.0)
Prehospital airway management
BVM	238 (6.8)
SGA	2,046 (58.1)
ETI	1,235 (35.1)
Mechanical CPR, yes	2,759 (78.4)
RTI	8.0 (6.0–10.0)
STI	17.0 (14.0–20.0)
TTI	7.0 (4.0–10.0)
Clinical outcomes
Prehospital ROSC	424 (12.0)
Survival to hospital discharge	297 (8.4)
Good neurologic outcome	228 (6.5)

Values are presented as frequency (%) or median (interquartile range). Abbreviations: ECG, electrocardiography; PEA, Pulseless electrical activity; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; EMS, emergency medical service; BVM, bag valve mask; SGA, supraglottic airway; ETI, endotracheal intubation; RTI, response time interval; STI, scene time interval; TTI, transport time interval; ROSC, recovery of spontaneous circulation

ISSN: 1471-227X