Table 2 Pain Management Principles Assessment Test (PMPAT) Questionnaire Results in 400 Nurses
No | Question | Response | Correct Answers Number (%) | Mean Score (± SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Percentage of cancer patients who experience pain at some point during their illness | 90% | 11(27.8) | 0.28(0.45) |
2 | Percentage of cancer patients who suffer pain for longer than a month | 80 − 70% | 117(29.3) | 0.29(0.46) |
3 | If the patient still complains of pain despite receiving the maximum dose of medication to relieve the pain, what should the nurse always do? | Contact with Physician | 239(59.8) | 0.60(0.49) |
4 | What is the best way to prescribe narcotic analgesics in cancer patients? | Oral | 348(87.0) | 0.87(0.34) |
5 | What is the best time to seek medication in a patient on prescription analgesia to relieve cancer pain? | Before the pain recurred | 50(12.5) | 0.13(0.33) |
6 | Who can make the most accurate and reliable judgment about the pain intensity of cancer patients? | patients | 265(66.3) | 0.66(0.47) |
7 | What percentage of patients who take narcotic analgesics on a scheduled basis become addicted to these drugs? | Less than 1% | - | - |
8 | Which of the following statements correctly describes the mechanism of action of analgesics? | Narcotic analgesics in the brain reduce pain transmission and perception | 221(55.3) | 0.55(0.50) |
9 | What type of pain can be treated with skin irritations? | Any severity of pain | 269(67.3) | 0.67(0.47) |
10 | Which of the following statements correctly describes the philosophy of using analgesics in patients with advanced cancer? | Long-term use leads to tolerance and may require higher doses to control pain. | 161(40.3) | 0.40(0.49) |
11 | Which group of symptoms is most associated with chronic pain? | Decreased appetite, decreased energy, sleep disorders, apathy, hypotension | 135(33.8) | 0.34(0.47) |
12 | Which of the following drugs has the longest duration of action? | Methadone | 220(55.0) | 0.55(0.50) |
13 | Which cases are usually associated with acute pain? | Increased caloric requirement and increased temperature | 148(37.0) | 0.37(0.48) |
14 | Which of the following is perceived as itching and throbbing pain? | C Fibers | 84(21.0) | 0.21(0.41) |
15 | According to pain control gate theory, what is the area responsible for this function in the nervous system? | Gelatinous fluid of the spinal cord | 209(52.3) | 0.52(0.50) |
16 | By what is pain regulated? | µ, Gamma and kappa opioid receptors | 327(81.8) | 0.82(0.39) |
17 | Ms. Colton is a 72-kilogram, 24-year-old woman. She underwent hysterectomy and dropped eight milligrams of morphine at 4 p.m. It is now 32:16 and he has complained of pain and is asking for more drugs. What is his pain most related to? | Reduce analgesic blood levels | 110(27.5) | 0.28(0.45) |
18 | What should be your goal in managing pain in Ms. Calton after an abdominal hysterectomy? | Complete painlessness | 126(31.5) | 0.32(0.47) |
19 | Mr. West has prostate cancer that has metastasized to the bone. What is the first factor we need to consider when caring for him? | Overall quality of life of Patient | 197(49.3) | 0.49(0.50) |
20 | In assessing the patient’s pain, what variables should the nurse consider that are effective in expressing pain? | A, B, C | 236(59.0) | 0.59(0.49) |
21 | How does naloxone work? | Opioid Antagonist | 111(27.8) | 0.28(0.45) |
22 | The researchers showed that: | Doctors prescribe less and nurses give less pain medication | 70(17.5) | 0.18(0.38) |
23 | What is one of the main disadvantages of meperidine? | Central neurological complication more than morphine | 226(56.5) | 0.57(0.50) |
24 | Which of the following methods of prescribing narcotic analgesics produces a fixed level of analgesia in the patient? | Intravenous opioids | 55(13.8) | 0.14(0.34) |
25 | What are the primary benefits of having a consistent level of pain control? | More patient comfort | 141(35.3) | 0.35(0.48) |
26 | The nurse’s decision to give analgesics should be based on all of the following, other than: | Objective nurse assessment of pain intensity | 22(5.5) | 0.06(0.48) |
27 | Who has the most control over the patient’s pain management program? | Patient | 118(0.46) | 0.30(0.46) |
28 | What is the meaning of this definition? After repeated doses of analgesic drugs, the effect of a drug decreases and the patient needs more and more doses of the drug. This decline begins with a reduction in the pain relief period first and then a reduction in the analgesic effect. | Tolerance | 164(41.0) | 0.41(0.49) |
29 | Ms. Stone has metastatic breast cancer and painful lesions in the spinal cord. Because of her fear of drugs, she prefers to use painkillers when needed for PRN. You massage her back and use a hot pack. This is an example of: | Cutaneous Irritation | 68(17.0) | 0.17(0.38) |
30 | Another approach you might consider about Ms. Stone. Focus on techniques such as working with tables, reading books, or knitting. What is this method called? | Intention Distract | 198(49.5) | 0.50(0.50) |
31 | Ms. Strick is a 72-year-old woman with cancer that has metastasized to the pelvis. In addition, she has severe arthritis. Which of the following is sufficient to manage her pain? | The use of morphine and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug gives the best results with the least side effects. | 252(63.0) | 0.63(0.48) |