Table 4 Multivariable analysis of elderly participants with fall related injuries and risk of mortality
Characteristics | Crude Risk Ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted Risk Ratio (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Female | 1 | 1 |
Male | 2.60 (1.19–4.02) | 1.85 (1.27–2.19) |
Age (Years) | ||
< = 65 Years | 1 | 1 |
66–80 Years | 1.21 (1.11–1.85) | 1.17 (1.08–1.77) |
> 80 Years | 2.70 (1.55–2.99) | 1.48 (1.20–2.10) |
Employment Status | ||
Unemployed | 1 | - |
Employed | 0.78 (0.30–1.47) | - |
Own shop Rent | 0.69 (0.24–1.39) | - |
Housewife | 0.39 (0.05–0.56) | - |
Retired | 0.77 (0.20–1.18) | - |
Education | ||
Graduation | 1 | - |
Illiterate | 0.12 (0.01–0.52) | - |
Primary | 0.44 (0.23–0.97) | - |
Secondary | 1.02 (0.68–1.33) | - |
Intermediate | 1.85 (0.57–2.19) | - |
Madrasa | 0.25 (0.02–0.63) | - |
Assisting aid | ||
Hearing aids | 1 | 1 |
Eyeglasses | 1.65 (1.47–2.14) | 1.57 (1.17–2.23) |
Walking aids | 2.22 (1.92–4.62) | 1.60 (1.19–2.37) |
Memory assessment | ||
No | 1 | - |
Yes | 1.21 (0.88–1.65) | - |
Previous fall | ||
No | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 2.44 (1.70–4.59) | 1.66 (1.19–2.09) |
Living alone | ||
No | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 1.14 (1.03–1.63) | 1.19 (1.04–1.78) |
Place of fall | ||
Road /outside home | 1 | - |
Home | 1.23 (0.41–1.69) | - |
Bathroom | 2.57 (1.27–4.23) | - |
Stairs | 2.06 (1.19–3.87) | - |
Parking area | 1.16 (0.50–1.90) | - |
Prayer Place | 1.13 (0.42–1.89) | - |
Ground | 2.39 (1.45–2.98) | - |
Hospital | 0.79 (0.37–1.59) | - |
Other | 1.34 (1.16–2.00) | - |
Floor type | ||
Cement | 1 | 1 |
Tile | 3.02 (1.50–5.20) | 2.57 (1.67–3.37) |
Concrete | 6.25 (2.95–15.57) | 3.16 (1.49–4.78) |
Carpets | 1.68 (1.18–2.22) | 1.60 (1.50–1.99) |
Other | 1.30 (1.07–1.72) | 1.43 (1.22–1.85) |
Reason of fall | ||
Stroke/ Seizures | 1 | 1 |
Disbalance/Dizzy | 2.66 (1.36–4.66) | 1.46 (1.25–2.23) |
Weakness | 1.80 (1.22–2.56) | 1.69 (1.40–2.61) |
Visual (Blinded) | 2.43 (2.00–5.30) | 1.98 (1.48–2.70) |
Wet Floor | 1.84 (1.27–2.01) | 1.57 (1.37–2.07) |
Others | 1.90 (1.48–2.29) | 1.96 (1.49–2.28) |
Time of fall | ||
Morning | 1 | - |
Evening | 0.88 (0.45–1.71) | - |
Night | 1.06 (0.97–1.96) | - |
Injuries/Injured body parts | ||
Chest | 1 | - |
Head & Neck | 1.57 (0.97–3.37) | - |
Face | 1.96 (1.09–2.78) | - |
Abdomen | 1.06 (0.70–1.90) | - |
Spine | 1.33 (0.92–1.85) | - |
Upper Extremity | 2.39 (1.45–3.08) | - |
Lower Extremity | 0.99 (0.54–1.69) | - |
Foot | 1.04 (0.36–1.40) | - |
Mode used for reaching hospital | ||
Personal Car | 1 | - |
Ambulance | 1.46 (0.45–3.23) | - |
Public Transport | 4.69 (1.70–6.26) | - |
Discharge status | ||
Alive | 1 | - |
Dead | 2.39 (0.92–4.77) | - |