Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

Catalano [15]

Sing.

Pro.,

ED.

120

Blunt;

Spleen

Abd. Fluid

Act. Bleed

28

Sonovue,

4.8 mL;

Left upper quad.

(3–4 min total)

2.5–5 MHz or 5.5–10 MHz curved;

0.06–0.07

Radiologist on duty;

Two radiologists, third for disagreements

Catalano [16]

Sing. Retro., ED.

87

Blunt or Pen.;

Liver

Abd. fluid

33

SonoVue,

2.4–4.8 mL;

1. Left kidney

2. Right kidney & liver

3. Spleen

(1–5 min total)

3.5 MHz curved;

0.06–0.08

Radiologist on duty;

Two radiologists, third for disagreements

Catalano [17]

Mult. Pro.,

ED.

156

Blunt or Pen.;

Liver

Kidneys & adrenal gl.

Spleen

Comp.

39

SonoVue,

2.4 mL

(two doses);

1. Right sided organs (right kidney, adrenal, liver)

(1–3 min)

2. Left sided organs (left kidney, adrenal, pancreas, spleen)

(3–4 min)

2.5 MHz or 1–5 MHz curved;

0.05–0.10

Radiologist on duty;

Same

Lv [18]

Mult. Retro., ED.

22

Blunt;

Pancreas

29

SonoVue,

2.5 mL/kg;

Liver & spleen (NA min)

2–4.5 MHz or 1–5 MHz curved;

Low

Two ultrasound specialists (5 years exp.);

Same

Menichini [19]

Sing.

Retro.,

ED.

73

Blunt;

Liver

Kidneys & adrenal gl.

Spleen

Act. Bleed

Solid org.

Comp.

9

SonoVue,

1.2 mL

(two doses);

1. Right & left kidneys

2. Liver

3. Pancreas

4. Spleen

(3 min total)

Curved and linear;

Low

Three radiologists (10+ years exp.);

Same

Miele [20]

Sing.

Retro., ED.

203

Blunt;

Liver

36

SonoVue,

2 mL (two doses);

Liver

(10–15 min total)

Curved;

0.2

NA;

NA

Regine [21]

Sing. Pros., ED.

277

Blunt;

Kidneys & adrenal gl.

NA

SonoVue,

2.4 mL;

1. Liver

2. Spleen,

3. Kidneys,

4. Supra- & submesocolic peritoneal recesses

(NA min)

NA;

Low

NA;

NA

Sessa [22]

Sing. Retro., ED.

256

Blunt;

Liver

Kidneys & adrenal gl.

Spleen

Abd. Fluid

Act. Bleed

41

SonoVue,

2.4 mL

(two doses);

1. Right sided organs (right kidney, liver)

(1–3 min)

2. Left sided organs (left kidney, spleen)

(3–4 min)

4 MHz curved;

0.15–0.19

Multiple radiologists (5+ years exp. In emergency radiology & expertise in trauma imaging);

NA

Valentino [23]

Sing. Pro., ED.

32

Blunt;

Liver

Kidneys & adrenal gl.

Spleen

Abd. Fluid

Solid org.

Comp.

38

SonoVue,

2.4 mL

(two doses);

1. Left upper quad. (left kidney & adrenal gland, spleen)

2. Right upper quad. (right kidney & adrenal gland, liver, pancreas)

(4–6 min total)

3.5 MHz or 2–5 MHz curved;

Low

Multiple sonographers (5+ years exp.);

Independent expert sonography and radiologist

Valentino [24]

Sing. Retro., ED.

133

Blunt;

Liver

Kidneys & adrenal gl.

Pancreas

Spleen

Abd. Fluid Solid org.

Comp.

40

NA,

2.4 mL

(two doses);

1. Right upper quad. (right kidney, liver, pancreas)

2. Left upper quad. (left kidney, spleen)

(NA min)

2–5 MHz curved;

Low

One radiologist;

Two radiologists not involved with examination