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Table 3 Results of t-tests and descriptive statistics by hospital (CM/ no CM) and within subgroups

From: Does Case Management Provide Support for Staff Facing Frequent Users of Emergency Departments? A Comparative Mixed-Method Evaluation of ED Staff Perception

Variable

All

Physicians

Nurses

Male

Female

1–6 y. of exp.

>  6 y. of exp.

CM

No CM

CM

No CM

CM

No CM

CM

1. Level of perceived knowledge

M (SD)

2.63 (.726)

2.83 (.65)

2.62 (.82)

2.81 (.68)

2.63 (.689)

2.84 (.641)

2.43 (.765)

2.73 (.679)

2.75 (.68)

2.87 (.64)

2.72 (.64)

2.97 (.605)

2.49 (.82)

2.74 (.67)

n

142

97

47

29

68

95

40

37

60

102

58

61

39

80

95% CI

.021–.383

−.154–.534

−.001–.420

−.035–.620

−.088–.333

.016–.470

−.053–.553

t

2.2*

1.08

1.97

1.77

1.15

2.12*

1.65

2. Actual knowledge score

M (SD)

6.50 (1.39)

6.61 (1.51)

6.67 (1.18)

6.87 (1.29)

6.58 (1.48)

6.47 (1.6)

6.67 (1.37)

6.38 (1.23)

6.56 (1.4)

6.69 (1.61)

6.47 (1.41)

6.47 (1.54)

6.8 (1.35)

6.7 (1.46)

n

96

142

29

47

67

95

37

40

60

102

58

61

39

80

95% CI

−.378–.385

−.377–.799

−.592–.387

−.877–.310

−.365–.629

−.530–.545

−.700–.412

t

.018

.714

−.415

.952

(159) = .525

.026

−.513

3. Extent FUED are perceived as an issue

M (SD)

2.49 (.703)

2.57 (.572)

2.19 (.703)

2.54 (.544)

2.62 (.66)

2.58 (.586

2.46 (.79)

2.53 (.550)

2.51 (.649)

2.58 (.582)

2.46 (.721)

2.57 (.558)

2.54 (.682)

2.58 (.585)

n

100

151

31

48

69

103

39

43

61

108

61

65

39

85

95% CI

−.087–.246

.068–.629

−.231–.150

−.229–.376

−.117–.267

−.118–.339

−.198–.274

t

.943

2.47*

−.422

.483

.773

.956

.219

4. Perceived level of FUED ED visit

M (SD)

2.18 (.757)

2.17 (.725)

2.16 (.638)

2.29 (.771)

2.19 (.809)

2.11 (.699)

2.08 (664)

2.40 (.849)

2.25 (.809)

2.07 (.651)

2.25 (.789)

2.32 (.773)

2.08 (.703)

2.05 (.671)

n

100

151

31

48

69

103

39

43

61

108

61

65

39

85

95% CI

−.202–.173

−.201–.462

−.310–.147

−.019–.656

−.412–.068

−.198–.353

−.291–.231

t

−.152

.435

−.704

1.88

− 1.42

.555

.821

5. Perceived legitimacy of FUED ED visits

M (SD)

4.22 (2.34)

3.89 (2.23)

4.07 (1.86)

3.70 (2.28)

4.29 (2.53)

3.98 (2.20)

4.16 (2.48)

3.81 (2.45)

4.26 (2.26)

3.92 (2.14)

3.7 (2.03)

3.94 (2.3)

5.05 (2.58)

3.86 (2.18)

n

99

146

30

47

69

99

38

42

61

104

61

63

38

83

95% CI

−.912–.251

−1.335-.626

−1.03-.415

−1.45-.750

− 1.03-.357

−.540–1.003

−2.094- -.300

t

− 1.12

−.733

−.844

−.632

−.962

.594

−2.64*

6. Perception of FUED-related challenges: Feeling of burnoutb

M (SD)

6.63 (1.83)

6.70 (2.13)

6.32 (1.87)

6.48 (1.74)

2.76 (1.80)

6.80 (2.29)

6.61 (1.76)

6.14 (1.97)

6.63 (1.89)

6.92 (2.16)

6.82 (1.86)

6.63 (1.95)

6.33 (1.78)

6.74 (2.28)

n

100

151

31

48

69

103

39

43

61

108

61

65

39

85

95% CI

−.44–.58

−.67–.98

−.58–.66

−1.29-.35

−.37–.94

−.86–.48

−.41–1.23

t

.276

.378

.120

−1.15

.863

−.556

1.079

7. Perception of FUED-related challenges: Feeling of helplessnessb

M (SD)

6.63 (2.15)

5.95 (2.35)

5.98 (2.36)

6.37 (2.15)

6.93 (1.99)

5.76 (2.42)

6.34 (2.02)

5.83 (2.50)

6.82 (2.22)

6.01 (2.30)

6.51 (2.23)

6.00 (2.14)

6.82 (2.02)

5.99 (2.44)

n

100

151

31

48

69

103

39

43

61

108

61

65

39

85

95% CI

−1.25- -.09

−.63–1.42

−1.86- -4.72

− 1.52-.49

− 1.53- -0.095

− 1.28 -.26

−1.71-.06

t

−2.3

.768

−3.3**

−1.01

−2.23*

−1.32

− 1.85

8. Perception of FUED-related challenges: Organizational issuesb

M (SD)

6.6 (2.11)

6.75 (2.14)

6.46 (2.29)

7.37 (2.08)

6.67 (2.04)

6.46 (2.12)

6.81 (1.86)

6.87 (2.32)

6.47 (2.26)

6.70 (2.07)

6.69 (2.01)

6.80 (1.84)

6.47 (2.28)

6.71 (2.37)

n

100

148

31

48

69

100

39

43

61

105

61

65

39

89

95% CI

−.39–.69

−.096–1.89

−.85–.44

−.87–.99

−.45–.91

.12–.344

.232–.456

t

.538

1.79

−.632

.138

.664

.346

.511

9. Perception of FUED-related challenges: FUED characteristicsa

M (SD)

6.88 (1.45)

6.73 (1.76)

7.06 (1.39)

6.96 (1.54)

6.80 (1.48)

6.61 (1.85)

7.01 (1.30)

6.36 (1.93)

6.80 (1.54)

6.87 (1.67)

6.88 (1.45)

6.84 (1.61)

6.89 (1.46)

6.67 (1.86)

n

100

151

31

48

69

103

39

43

61

108

61

65

39

85

95% CI

−.57–.26

−.78–.58

−.71–.34

−1.38-.08

−.44–.59

−.58–.50

−.88–.45

t

−.732

−.290

−.692

−1.77

.281

−.141

−.648

  1. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001
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