Table 1 Dependent variables

 level of perceived knowledge

4-point Likert-type scale statement

 actual knowledge score

Agreement mean score of fifteen 10-point Likert-type scale statements describing FUED characteristics supported by existing evidence [17] (see appendix question 11)

Extent FUED are perceived as an issue

4-point Likert-type scale statement

Perceived level of FUED ED visit

4-point Likert-type scale statement

Perceived legitimacy of FUED ED visits FUED

10-pointl Likert-type scale statement

FUED-related work challenges:

Sixteen 10-point Likert-type scale statements based on known FUED-related work challenges [18] (see appendix question 8) summarize in 4 dependent variables after a principal component analysis (see data management)

 -Feeling of burnout

 -Feeling of helplessness

 -Organizational issues

 -FUED characteristics