Predicting mortality in adult patients with sepsis in the emergency department by using combinations of biomarkers and clinical scoring systems: a systematic review

Table 1 Overview of included studies

Author, year	Sepsis criterion	Number of patients	Number of deaths	Biomarker 1	Biomarker 2	Biomarker 3	Clinical score 1	Clinical score 2	AUC	Hosmer-Lemeshow	Sensitivity	Specificity	PPV	NPV
Yu, 2019 [20]	Signs of systemic infection	1318	178	PCT			qSOFA		0.73
				CRP			qSOFA		0.69
Yamamoto, 2015 [21]	Blood cultures drawn as surrogate marker of suspected sepsis	1262	106	CRP			CURB65		0.77	0.607
Liu, 2013 [22]	Sepsis-2	859	Unknown	Presepsin			MEDS		0.731
				Presepsin			APACHE-2		0.734
Zhang, 2014 [23]	Sepsis-2	680	137	Copeptin			MEDS		0.851
				Cortisol			MEDS		0.833
				PCT	Cortisol	Copeptin	MEDS		0.891
Chen, 2014 [24]	Sepsis-2	680	178	Lactate			MEDS		0.81
				Lactate			APACHE-2		0.81
				Lactate			SOFA		0.82
Yin, 2013 [25]	Sepsis-2	680	225	sTM			MEDS		0.805		74.2	71.9	56.6	84.9
Zhao, 2018 [26]	Sepsis-2	655	126	PCT	sPD-1		MEDS		0.843	0.824	81.6	83.4	71.7	89.8
				PCT			MEDS		0.792	0.631
				sPD-1			MEDS		0.829	0.892
Niño, 2017 [27]	Sepsis-2	563	68	TIMP1	MMP9		CHARLSON	SOFA	0.838	0.2449
Zhao, 2013 [28]	Sepsis-2	501	134	PCT			MEDS		0.813		67.2	81.2	56.6	87.1
Zhang, 2016 [29]	Sepsis-2	480	183	IgE			APACHE-2		0.8
				IgE			SOFA		0.781
				IgE			MEDS		0.89
Wang, 2014 [30]	Sepsis-2	480	137	NGAL			MEDS		0.858
				TIMP-1			MEDS		0.882
				PCT			MEDS		0.782
Henning, 2019 [31]	Sepsis-2	314	31	Angiopoientin-2	IL-6				0.72
Chen, 2014 [32]	Sepsis-2	295	78	H-FABP			MEDS		0.853
				H-FABP			APACHE-2		0.826
				Troponine-I			APACHE-2		0.811
				Troponine-I			MEDS		0.825
Duplessis, 2018 [33]	Sepsis-2	203	13	Nucleosomes			APACHE-2		0.84
				Cell free DNA			APACHE-2		0.81
Kofoed, 2008 [34]	Sepsis-2	161	9	suPAR	sTREM-1		SAPS-2		0.89
				suPAR			SAPS-2		0.93
Viallon, 2008 [35]	Sepsis-2	131	23	PCT	IL-6	Lactate	SAPS-2		0.939
Carpio, 2015 [36]	Sepsis-2	114	48	Presepsin			MEDS		0.878
Song, 2019 [37]	Sepsis-3	113	13	IL-6	PTX3				0.637		82.7	71.1

Scoring systems. qSOFA quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, MEDS Mortality in Emergency Department Sepsis, APACHE-2 Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation II, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, SAPS-2 Simplified Acute Physiology Score 2
PCT Procalcitonin, CRP C-reactive protein, sTM soluble thrombomodulin, sPD-1 soluble programmed death 1, TIMP-1 Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, MMP9 Matrix metallopeptidase 9, NGAL Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, IL-6 interleukin-6, H-FABT heart fatty acid binding protein, suPAR soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, PTX3 Pentraxin 3

ISSN: 1471-227X