Table 5 Published evaluation studies of the SCS, WPS, RAPS, REMS, MEWS and RLD models in the emergency department
Study | Year | country | Sample Size (N) | Male Gender (%) | Age | Mortality Rate (%) | DX. | Cut-off point | Prediction Score | AUC-ROC (95%CI) or AUC-ROC ± SE | Calibration(H-L) or Intercept, slope | NO. of Center (N) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[18] | 2015 | Vietnam | 1746 | 45 % | 68 (55, 80) | 9.9 % | Case-mix | NA | WPS =2 (2,4) | WPS=0.80 (0.76 to 0.83) | Adequate | Single Center |
REMS= 6 (5,8) | WPS; (P >0.05) | |||||||||||
REMS=0.712 (0.67 to 0.76) | REMS; (P>0.05) | |||||||||||
[3] | 2019 | Turkey | 250 | 57.6 % | 57.6 ± 20.82 | 21.6 % | Case-mix | MEWS ≥4 | MEWS=3.43± 2.34 | MEWS=0.71 (0.711 ± 0.039) | NA | Single Center |
WPS | WPS =4.56 ± | |||||||||||
WPS = 0.7 7 (0.769 ±0.034) | ||||||||||||
≥5 REMS ≥6 | 3.13 REMS=7.48± 4.74 |  | ||||||||||
REMS=0.70 (0.703 ± 0.036) | ||||||||||||
[19] | 2014 | Turkey | 2000 | 52 % | 61.41±18.92 | 7.7 % | Case-mix | NA | REMS=5 (0,17) | REMS=0.71 (0.67 to 0.72 | NA | Multi Center=3 |
MEWS=1 (0,9) | MEWS=0.63 (0.61to 0.65) | |||||||||||
[20] | 2014 | USA | 3680 | 75 % | 43.7 ±21 | 5.2 % | Trauma | NA | REMS=3.4 ± 3.2 | REMS=0.91 (0.91±0.02) | NA | Single Center |
[2] | 2014 | USA | 227 | 51% | 65 ± 17 | 25% | Case-mix | NA | NA | REMS=0.70 (0.62, 0.78) | Adequate | Single Center |
MEWS=0.70 (0.62,0.77) | REMS; (P >0.05) | |||||||||||
MEWS; (P>0.05) | ||||||||||||
[21] | 2013 | Germany | 151 | 54.3 % | 68.3 ± 18 | NA | Sepsis | MEWS ≥5 | MEWS=3.32 ±NA | MEWS=0.641 (0.552to 0.730) | NA | Single Center |
[22] | 2015 | Germany | 5730 | 55.5 % | 61.2±17.7 | 21 % | Patients with sinus rhythm | NA | MEWS=for | MEWS=0.71 (0.67–0.75) | NA | Single Center |
Survival=3.5 ± 1.7 | ||||||||||||
Unsurvival=2.3 ±1.4 | ||||||||||||
[23] | 2018 | China | 4857 | 47.9 % | 44.5±18.3 | 4.38 % | Case-mix | REMS≥ 8 | NA | REMS=0.88 (0.86 to 0.90) | Inadequate for all scores (P<0.001) | Single Center |
RAPS≥7 | RAPS = 0.72 (0.69 to 0.77) | |||||||||||
MEWS≥6 | MEWS= 0.65 ( 0.69 to 0.78) | |||||||||||
[24] | 2014 | China | 234 | 58.5% | 65.8 ±18.1 | NA | Case-mix | NA | NA | MEWS= 0.73 (0.67 to 0.79) | NA | single Center |
REMS=0.70 (0.64 to 0.76) | ||||||||||||
SCS=0.70 ( 0.64 to 0.76) | ||||||||||||
[25] | 2017 | Denmark | 5784 | 50.4% | 67 (49–78) | 24.6% | Case-mix | NA | NA | WPS= 0.8 (0.73 to 0.86) | Adequate | Single Center |
RAPS=0.61 (0.54 to 0.69) | WPS; (P>0.05) | |||||||||||
REMS=0.77 (0.72 to 0.83) | RAPS; (P=0.05) | |||||||||||
REMS; (P>0.05) | ||||||||||||
[26] | 2017 | Taiwan | 114 | 67.54% | 56.33±16.12 | 28.58% | Splenic abscess | MEWS≥6 | NA | MEWS=0.76 | NA | Multi Center=4 |
RAPS≥4 | RAPS=0.68 | |||||||||||
REMS≥7 | REMS=0.67 | |||||||||||
[27] | 2017 | Taiwan | 66 | 54.55% | 69.23 ± 16.64 | 57% | HPVG | MEWS≥6 | MEWS= 6.94 ± 3.46 | MEWS= 0.8562 | Adequate | Multi Center=2 |
RAPS≥4 | RAPS= 5.97 ± 4.15 | RAPS= 0.8769 (NA) | MEWS;(P>0.05) | |||||||||
REMS≥11 | REMS= 1.09 ± 5.23 | REMS= 0.9286 (NA) | RAPS;(P>0.05) | |||||||||
REMS;(P>0.05) | ||||||||||||
[28] | 2011 | Israel | 1072 | 52.2% | 74.7 ± 16.1 | 21.9 % | Sepsis | NA | MEWS= 3.48±2.24 | MEWS= 0.69 (0.65 to 0.70) | Adequate | Single Center |
SCS*= 12.09 ±3.62 | SCS= 0.77 (0.74 to 0.80) | MEWS;(P>0.05) | ||||||||||
REMS= 9.17±4.06 | REMS= 0.77 (0.73 to 0.80) | SCS; (P>0.05) | ||||||||||
REMS; (P>0.05) | ||||||||||||
[29] | 2010 | Ireland | 270 | 50% | 66.56 ± 18.2 | NA | Case-mix | NA | NA | SCS=0.94 ( NA) | NA | Single center |
[30] | 2017 | South Korea | 6905 | 62.2 % | 57.42± 18.51 | 3 % | Trauma | REMS= 7 | REMS= 4.48± 3.03 | REMS = 0.90 | NA | Single center |
[16] | 2016 | UK | 24696 | 29 % | 63.1 ± 21.1 | 4.69% | Case -mix | Na | NA | RLD =0.83 (0.823 to 0.842) | RLD; (P>0.05) | Single center |
RLD or BHOM | RLD=BHOM | |||||||||||
[31] | 2017 | Iran | 2148 | 75.56% | 39.50±17.27 | 5.73 % | Trauma | REMS ≥ 3 | NA | REMS= 0.93 (0.92 to 0.95) | Adequate | Multi Center= 4 |
RAPS ≥ 2 | RAPS= 0.899 (0.86 to 0.93) | REMS (0.001,0.98) | ||||||||||
RAPS=(0.003,0.96) | ||||||||||||
[32] | 2016 | Iran | 735 | 75.37 | 41.08±18.46 | 6.53% | Trauma | RAPS≥5 WPS≥2 | NA | RAPS=0.93 (0.88-0.98) | NA | Single center |
WPS= 0.97 (0.96-0.98) | ||||||||||||
Present study | 2018 | Iran | 2,330 | 53% | 61 ± 18 | 19 % | Case-mix | SCS ≥5.5 | SCS= 4.59±3.29 | SCS= 0.714 (0.688 to 0.742) | Adequate | Single center |
WPS ≥3.5 | WPS= 2.84±2.35 | Graphically for WPS | ||||||||||
RAPS ≥1.6 | RAPS= 1.70±1.84 | WPS=0.7272 (0.70 to 0.757) | ||||||||||
REMS ≥ 5.5 | REMS= 5.92±3.51 | SCS | ||||||||||
MEWS ≥2.5 | EWS= 2.17±2.31 | RAPS=0.661 (0.635 to 0.69) | Inadequate for others | |||||||||
RLD ≥ 127 | RLD=113.29±69.5 | |||||||||||
REMS=0.678 (0.657 to0.71) | ||||||||||||
MEWS=0.698 (0.68 to 0.73) | ||||||||||||
RLD=0.656 (0.632 to 0.689) |