From: Endothelial glycocalyx degradation is associated with early organ impairment in polytrauma patients
Characteristic | Trauma group (n = 45) | EG degradation degree | P value § | |
---|---|---|---|---|
High degradation group (n = 23) | Low degradation group (n = 22) | |||
SDC1, median (IQR), ng/ml | 69.39 (54.18–130.80) | 128.74 (95.50–163.96) | 54.17 (46.34–59.21) | <  0.001 |
HS, median (IQR), ng/ml | 38.92 (30.47–67.96) | 67.39 (48.90–89.58) | 31.22 (27.07–36.44) | <  0.001 |
Demographic | ||||
 Age, mean ± SD, year | 56.0 ± 15.20 | 57.26 ± 16.21 | 54.82 ± 14.33 | 0.510 |
 Male, n (%) | 25 (55.56%) | 12 (52.17%) | 13 (59.09%) | 0.641 |
 BMI, mean ± SD, kg/m2 | 25.27 ± 1.99 | 24.94 ± 2.06 | 25.61 ± 1.91 | 0.212 |
Cause of injury | ||||
 Traffic, n (%) | 22 (48.89%) | 12 (52.17%) | 10 (45.46%) | 0.768 |
 Falling, n (%) | 14 (31.11%) | 7 (30.43%) | 7 (31.82%) | 1.000 |
Score system | ||||
 GCS, median (IQR) | 12.0 (6.0–15.0) | 12.0 (5.0–15.0) | 12.5 (6.0–15.0) | 0.982 |
 ISS, median (IQR) | 24.0 (17.0–29.0) | 26.0 (22.0–29.0) | 17.0 (12.0–27.0) | 0.011 |
 SOFA, mean ± SD | 6.91 ± 2.55 | 7.78 ± 2.58 | 6.00 ± 2.23 | 0.019 |
TBI, n (%) | 21 (46.67%) | 8 (34.78%) | 13 (59.09%) | 0.139 |
Hypothermia, n (%) | 14 (31.11%) | 12 (52.17%) | 2 (9.09%) | 0.003 |
Acidosis, n (%) | 25 (55.56%) | 18 (78.26%) | 7 (31.82%) | 0.003 |
Shock, n (%) | 28 (62.22%) | 18 (78.26%) | 10 (45.45%) | 0.033 |
MV, n (%) | 36 (80.00%) | 21 (91.30%) | 15 (68.18%) | 0.071 |
AKI, n (%) | 16 (35.56%) | 12 (52.17%) | 4 (18.18%) | 0.029 |
TIC, n (%) | 13 (28.89%) | 10 (43.48%) | 3 (13.64%) | 0.047 |
28-d mortality, n (%) | 8 (17.78%) | 6 (26.09%) | 2 (9.09%) | 0.243 |
Organ function | ||||
 TBIL, median (IQR), μmol/L | 14.2 (11.2–22.3) | 14.2 (10.9–22.1) | 14.85 (11.35–22.55) | 1.00 |
 ALB, median (IQR), g/L | 30.6 (21.9–37.3) | 22.8 (19.3–32.5) | 34.6 (30.58–41.33) | <  0.001 |
 BUN, median (IQR), mmol/L | 6.10 (5.05–9.00) | 8.80 (5.70–11.20) | 5.30 (4.55–6.30) | 0.002 |
 Cr, median (IQR), μmol/L | 72.1 (52.3–103.3) | 89.9 (62.5–144.0) | 55.0 (46.73–75.85) | 0.001 |
 PaO2, median (IQR), mmHg | 112.8 (89.5–155.1) | 101.2 (86.7–134.4) | 131.7 (92.1–168.7) | 0.102 |
 PaO2/FiO2 ratio, mean ± SD | 289.2 ± 107.1 | 243.3 ± 87.4 | 337.1 ± 106.4 | 0.005 |
 EVLW, median (IQR) | 6.00 (4.25–9.50) | 9.00 (6.00–10.50) | 4.75 (2.88v6.63) | 0.001 |
Metabolism | ||||
 pH, mean ± SD | 7.30 ± 0.12 | 7.25 ± 0.13 | 7.36 ± 0.07 | 0.003 |
 HCO3−, median (IQR), mmol/L | 20.3 (15.8–22.4) | 18.4 (14.2–20.7) | 21.75 (19.65–23.10) | 0.009 |
 Lac, median (IQR), mmol/L | 4.43 (2.65–7.99) | 6.60 (4.21–9.60) | 3.39 (2.26–4.57) | 0.003 |
Cardiovascular | ||||
 NT-pro BNP, median (IQR), | 265.3 (130.4–839.0) | 723.6 (163.1–1136.0) | 209.8 (119.1–430.2) | 0.063 |
 Tn I, median (IQR), μg/L | 0.09 (0.03–0.26) | 0.22 (0.01–1.14) | 0.05 (0.03–0.17) | 0.108 |
 Mb, median (IQR), μg/L | 652.0 (302.8–1141.0) | 945.7 (631.2–1890.0) | 466.0 (249.4–758.3) | 0.010 |
Bleeding and coagulation | ||||
 Hb, mean ± SD, g/L | 105.22 ± 20.36 | 95.61 ± 18.98 | 115.27 ± 16.86 | 0.001 |
 PLT, mean ± SD, ×109/L | 151.09 ± 51.93 | 132.52 ± 53.18 | 170.50 ± 43.75 | 0.021 |
 Ca2+, median (IQR), mmol/L | 1.09 (1.04–1.15) | 1.06 (0.99–1.11) | 1.12 (1.09–1.19) | 0.001 |
 Fib, median (IQR), g/L | 1.50 (1.13–1.89) | 1.52 (0.90–2.12) | 1.48 (1.28–1.81) | 0.910 |
 PT, median (IQR), s | 13.2 (11.9–16.9) | 14.2 (13.2–19.5) | 12.2 (11.2–13.2) | <  0.001 |
 APTT, median (IQR), s | 31.7 (27.0–42.8) | 37.0 (31.7–51.6) | 28.0 (25.4–31.4) | <  0.001 |
 AT-III, mean ± SD, % | 100.91 ± 19.16 | 87.24 ± 13.02 | 115.21 ± 13.15 | <  0.001 |
 D-dimer, median (IQR), | 15,645 (6494–43,654) | 15,645 (5385–63,978) | 15,977 (8311–36,585) | 0.874 |
Inflammation | ||||
 WBC, mean ± SD, ×109/L | 15.29 ± 5.80 | 15.09 ± 6.76 | 15.50 ± 4.73 | 0.750 |
 PCT, median (IQR), ng/ml | 1.34 (0.41–5.38) | 2.45 (0.52–10.20) | 0.90 (0.23–2.05) | 0.027 |
 IL-6, median (IQR), ng/ml | 281.71 (160.97–507.79) | 351.49 (227.93–762.31) | 234.56 (117.71–382.92) | 0.023 |
 TNF-α, median (IQR), ng/ml | 70.23 (54.03–106.93) | 95.32 (64.90–131.48) | 61.88 (48.01–79.85) | 0.002 |