| Total (n = 1599) | VUO (n = 229) | Non-VUO (n = 1370) | p-value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic characteristics | |||||||
 Age < 65 years (%) | 1065 | (66.6) | 167 | (72.9) | 898 | (65.5) | 0.028 |
 Sex, female (%) | 790 | (49.4) | 126 | (55.0) | 664 | (48.5) | 0.066 |
Comorbidity | |||||||
 Hypertension (%) | 665 | (41.6) | 94 | (41.0) | 571 | (41.7) | 0.858 |
 Diabetes (%) | 179 | (11.2) | 18 | (7.9) | 161 | (11.8) | 0.084 |
 Dyslipidaemia (%) | 364 | (22.8) | 43 | (18.8) | 321 | (23.4) | 0.120 |
 Peripheral artery Disease (%) | 40 | (2.5) | 8 | (3.5) | 32 | (2.3) | 0.299 |
 Cardiac disease (%) | 474 | (29.6) | 64 | (27.9) | 410 | (29.9) | 0.544 |
 Vasculitis (%) | 8 | (0.5) | 1 | (0.4) | 7 | (0.5) | 0.883 |
 Coagulopathy (%) | 13 | (0.8) | 2 | (0.9) | 11 | (0.8) | 0.913 |
Malignancy (%) | 99 | (6.2) | 13 | (5.7) | 86 | (6.3) | 0.727 |
 Neurological disorder (%) | 502 | (31.4) | 87 | (38.0) | 415 | (30.3) | 0.020 |
 Psychiatric disorder (%) | 330 | (20.6) | 53 | (23.1) | 277 | (20.2) | 0.311 |
 ENT disorder (%) | 114 | (7.1) | 18 | (7.9) | 96 | (7.0) | 0.642 |
Signs and symptoms | |||||||
 Headache (%) | 427 | (26.7) | 70 | (30.6) | 357 | (26.1) | 0.153 |
 Aural fullness (%) | 20 | (1.3) | 7 | (3.1) | 13 | (0.9) | 0.008 |
 Paraesthesia (%) | 197 | (12.3) | 42 | (18.3) | 155 | (11.3) | 0.003 |
 Other neurological symptoms (%) | 480 | (30.0) | 59 | (25.8) | 421 | (30.7) | 0.129 |
 Trigger, head Movements (%) | 139 | (8.7) | 28 | (12.2) | 111 | (8.1) | 0.040 |
 Trigger, effort (%) | 68 | (4.3) | 6 | (2.6) | 62 | (4.5) | 0.186 |
 Trigger, walking (%) | 203 | (12.7) | 37 | (16.2) | 166 | (12.1) | 0.089 |
 Trigger, visual (%) | 20 | (1.3) | 6 | (2.6) | 14 | (1.0) | 0.044 |
 Improvement at rest (%) | 185 | (11.6) | 39 | (17.0) | 146 | (10.7) | 0.005 |