Table 2 Comparison of demographic and cardiac arrest related characteristics of 310 study participants
| Â | No (%) of Patients | Â | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | All Patients | Non-EMS | EMS | p-value* | |
|  | (n = 310) | (n = 181) | Ambulance without any life-support (n = 102) | Ambulance with life-support (n = 27) |  |
Age (mean ± SE) | 59.2 ± 15.1 | 58.2 ± 14.9 | 59.2 ± 15.5 | 65.3 ± 13.2 | 0.07 |
Gender | |||||
 Male | 205 (66.1) | 117 (64.6) | 71 (69.6) | 17 (63.0) | 0.65 |
 Female | 105 (33.9) | 64 (35.4) | 31 (30.4) | 10 (37.0) |  |
Comorbid conditions | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.09 |
 Cardiac | 179 (57.7) | 106 (58.6) | 58 (56.9) | 15 (55.6) |  |
 Non cardiac | 11 (3.5) | 4 (2.2) | 7 (6.9) | 0 (0) | |
 Both | 23 (7.4) | 13 (7.2) | 5 (4.9) | 5 (18.5) | |
 None | 97 (31.3) | 58 (32.0) | 32 (31.4) | 7 (25.9) | |
Location of arrest | |||||
 Residence | 241 (77.7) | 146 (80.7) | 76 (74.5) | 19 (70.4) | 0.30 |
 Public area | 69 (22.3) | 35 (19.3) | 26 (25.5) | 8 (29.6) |  |
Witnessed arrest | |||||
 Yes | 288 (92.9) | 170 (93.9) | 93 (91.2) | 25 (92.6) | 0.68 |
 No | 22 (7.1) | 11 (6.1) | 9 (8.8) | 2 (7.4) |  |
Type of witness | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Layperson | 284 (91.6) | 170 (93.9) | 90 (88.2) | 24 (88.9) | 0.15 |
 Health care personnel | 4 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.9) | 1 (3.7) |  |
 None | 22 (7.1) | 11 (6.1) | 9 (8.8) | 2 (7.4) |  |
ROSC | |||||
 Pre-hospital | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.7) | 0.006 |
 Hospital | 7 (2.3) | 4 (2.2) | 1 (1.0) | 2 (7.4) |  |
 No ROSC | 302 (97.4) | 177 (97.8) | 101 (99.0) | 24 (88.9) |  |
Outcomea(end of ED stay) | |||||
 Alive | 5 (1.6) | 2 (1.1) | 1 (1.0) | 2 (7.4) | 0.04 |
 Dead | 305 (98.4) | 179 (98.9) | 101 (99.0) | 25 (92.6) |  |