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Table 3 Combinations of toxic agents in 2923 acute poisonings treated at Oslo Accident and Emergency Outpatient Clinic during one year

From: Patients presenting with acute poisoning to an outpatient emergency clinic: a one-year observational study in Oslo, Norway

   

Co-agent

Main agent

Main agenta total n (%)

Episodes with co-agents n (%)b

Benzodiazepines n (%)

Ethanol n (%)

Central stimulants n (%)

Opioids n (%)

Cannabis n (%)

Pharmaceuticals n (%)

Other n (%)

Ethanol

1400 (48)

197 (14)

74 (23)

–

43 (20)

20 (16)

57 (50)

14 (13)

24 (39)

Opioids

573 (20)

299 (52)

187 (58)

61 (21)

98 (46)

34 (27)c

19 (17)

10 (9)

15 (24)

Benzodiazepines

201 (7)

119 (59)

–

72 (25)

26 (12)

29 (23)

15 (13)

20 (19)

4 (6)

Fire smoke

191 (7)

23 (12)

–

23 (8)

–

–

–

–

1 (2)

Pharmaceuticals

168 (6)

89 (53)

21 (7)

39 (14)

4 (2)

14 (11)

2 (2)

59 (55)c

4 (6)

Central stimulants

132 (5)

72 (55)

20 (6)

29 (10)

14 (7)c

19 (15)

10 (9)

3 (3)

12 (19)

GHB

115 (4)

63 (55)

16 (5)

32 (11)

25 (12)

4 (3)

4 (4)

1 (1)

1 (2)

Other

143 (5)

42 (29)

2 (1)

28 (10)

4 (2)

5 (4)

6 (5)

1 (1)

1 (2)c

Total

2923 (100)

904 (31)

320 (100)

284 (100)

214 (100)

125 (100)

113 (100)

108 (100)

62 (100)

  1. aThe main agent was defined as the one most toxic in the doses taken
  2. bPercentage of poisoning episodes for given main agent with multiple agents
  3. cThe combinations of opioids with opioids, pharmaceuticals with pharmaceuticals, and central stimulants with central stimulants, are combinations of different categories of these agents, e.g. heroin with methadone
  4. GHB: Gamma-hydroxybutyrate
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